Spain sometimes appears as an exceptional country. When far-right parties existed all over Europe, in Spain we prided ourselves on not having any. However, in 2018 and 2019, the Spanish exception ended, probably because it was never a true reflection of society but rather a current political reality. Finally, the European dynamic caught up with us, as it did in Portugal.
Another apparent exception is that in Spain, opposition to renewables seems to come more from some left-wing groups than from the radical right, unlike in the rest of the world. In France, for example, Marine Le Pen’s party is the main opponent of renewables. In Italy, it was the Meloni government that limited photovoltaic installation on agricultural land, something the British Conservatives also intended to do at the end of their term. In Germany, the AfD is strongly anti-wind, as is the PiS in Poland or Trump himself and the most radical Republicans (such as the governor of Florida) in the United States.
