The objectives remain those of the Paris climate agreement, sealed in 2015, that is, limiting global warming to well below 2°C and, if possible, to 1.5°C. Each COP tries to promote ambition in this direction. We are still a long way from this goal, with the world heading towards 3.1°C warming by the end of the century under current policies. Countries will have to present new, more ambitious climate plans next year, before COP30 in Brazil. Currently, only three have already done so, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates and Brazil, but, for these last two countries, the new commitments remain very insufficient. And, at COP29, countries did not reiterate mention of a transition away from fossil fuels that was achieved last year and was a first in climate governance.
