Five centuries after its creation The man Vitruvio Continue to bring a new interpretation. The famous drawing Leonardo da VinciIt is considered one of the icons of the Renaissance, subjected to anatomical analysis with the methods of modern medicine, which open an amazing hypothesis: the presented human model may not be the only person, but accurate overlap of two male figures with different proportionsField
Research published in the journal Magazine of mathematics and artWas made A team of specialists in Cherepno -Litsevo anatomy, maxillofacial and neuroimagenic surgeryThe field using three -dimensional digital models and modern anatomical links, the researchers have determined the systematic discrepancy between two drawing positions: extended arms and legs do not quite coincide with the axis of the face and the alignment of the main body. This disagreement is not by chance, but is consistent with a double anatomical representation.
Two figures, intention
The authors suggest that Leonardo did not make errors of proportionsAs discussed in another analysis, but deliberately illustrated two different organs to compare his face and postural symmetry. Thus, the person of Vitruvio will cease to be the only human figure with a modeling movement and will go to Interpret as a coincidence Of the two different real bodies, each with their own cranial proportions.
The study identifies Thin differences But constantly, in the position of the eyes, the length of the hands and the inclination of the skull, the elements that are currently analyzed in orthogenic surgery or the reconstruction of the face. Researchers argue that these differences cannot be associated with a simple error of execution or artistic prospect, but reflect the strict anatomical knowledge of Da Vinci.
Leonardo and the search for human symmetry
Leonardo da Vinci Made a drawing around 1490IN Inspired by Vitruvio textsThe Roman architect of the first century, who described the ideal proportions of the human body. He target It was from the artist Demonstrate how the body fits simultaneously into the circle and the square symbol of cosmic and earthly perfectionThe field but according to a new analysis, da Vinci could go further: show anatomical variability in general harmony.
This rethinking adds to the numerous indications that the work raised. Over time, it was discussed if Da Vinci used a specific model if he sought to represent a platonic ideal or if there is a philosophical, medical or even metaphysical dimension in the figure. The idea that There is not a single “ideal” human model, but several real bodies In the same geometry, this will correspond to the scientific and humanistic interests of the artist.
Modern science to solve the riddle of the Renaissance
To conduct a study, the researchers have applied modern criteria for cranial -lithium diagnostics to a digital image with a high resolution of the picture. They were analyzed Parameters such as facial symmetryThe proportions of the skull and the corner of the lower jaw. As explained, these methods are the same that are used in plastic surgery, forensic medicine or physical anthropology to identify anatomical differences between people.
One of the keys to the study is at the middle point of the forehead, known as “Glabella“, Which seems displaced between the two figures. Changes in the slope of the orbits of the eyes and alignment of the teeth are also observed. All this suggests that The face was drawn twiceWith small displacements, after different links.
Cashing the history of anatomical drawing
A results Studies not only open a new hypothesis about the person of Vitruvio, but also They invite Leonardo’s anatomical approach to rethinkingThe field instead of looking for a single rule of beauty or proportion, I could want Show how human anatomical diversity also corresponds to the ideal mathematical models.
In short, studies argue that the genius of the Renaissance could intuitively expect, ideas that are today central for medicine and anthropometry: There is not a single perfect body, but variability compatible with functional symmetryThe field of Vitruvio, far from a static symbol, will continue to talk about our human complexity in five centuries.
