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For decades, the policy of one child symbolized the authoritarianism of the Chinese Communist Party in the eyes of the West. Although the policy was officially canceled in 2015, China is currently faced with a historically low birth rate and hurries to prevent demographic consequences.
This year the government announces the benefit Children’s subsidy For the first, second and third child under 3 years old. In particular, families will receive 3600 yuan (about 430 euros) per child per year Like “Bonus in the fertility.”
This amount will be paid by the Central GovernmentWhile local authorities will be able to strengthen it in accordance with their own resources.
Subsidies will be taxes And will not be considered incomeIn order not to influence access to the advantages of social security or extreme poverty programs.
Why now?
China has one of the lowest birth marches in the world. In 2024 Complete fertility index (TFR) were Total 1.15 children per womanFar below replacement limit population (2.1).
Experts warn that the aging population threatens financial stability 28% of the population will be predicted for more than 60 years by 2040According to the World Health Organization. This cancels the ratio of employees to pensioners, increasing health and pensions.
In 2022, the population of China was first reduced since 1961 850,000 peopleThe field in 2023 The reduction was even more dramatic, with loss 2.08 million peopleAnd in 2024 he continued, with a new fall 1.39 million.Field
From a “miracle of development” to a demographic trap
The explosive economic growth of China from 1978 to 2018 with an average annual indicator of 9.5%was based on enormous labor. Today, a decline in the population threatens to bring him to the “wrong side” of demographic dividends.
The problem concerns the whole of Asia
China is not the only one. Countries such as South Korea and Japan belong to SO Savings of excessively low birth rateDespite the motives, such as the benefits or benefits of parents, the number of births is not restored from the increase in the cost of life, pressure on work and social expectations.
Economists are alarming: Combination of aging and infertility This can destroy the long -term development of East Asia.