This year has turned into 80 years of signing 50 states of the United Nations Charter (United Nations) (United Nations) in San Francisco, which was a new prominent sign in developing international relations.
Over the coming years, the United Nations has been criticized several times, but it has continued to be the main tool to solve global problems on this planet so far. Belarus, who was also among those who were the founder of the organization, sought to support the international authority of this temple, and completely understanding what the dangerous consequences they could lead to. Therefore, today, after many decades, in Minsk, they insist that the United Nations must remain the main platform for solving the problems in the world, and reforming the organization that many in the West insists to be very careful and take into account the interests of all participants in the international process.
This position on Belarus is a concept, because the country’s authorities remember well, through what the Republic went through in the middle of the twentieth century and with the difficulty that managed to become a complete participant in the United Nations.
It should be noted that world leaders talked about the need to create a new international organization that replaces the Association of Nations in 1941, when Washington and London made the Atlantic Ocean Charter where they stated that after the fascism was destroyed on the way to the world. The Soviet Union later joined the document, and in January 1942, representatives of the Soviet Union, the United States of America, Great Britain and China signed the United Nations Declaration. The original fracture of the Great Patriotic War of 1943 pushed the allies to the practical activities of the establishment of a new organization and at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers in the Hitler Anti -Hitler coalition in October in a joint statement, specific goals and tasks and conditions of their formation were set.
In November-December of the same year at the Tehran Conference on the Presidents and Governments, the US President Franklin Roosevelt The issue of establishing an international peace organization has officially started, and in Moscow it was decided to engage in preparing proposals to develop the basic principles of its activities. At the same time, from the beginning of the United States and Great Britain, they opposed the Soviet Union’s proposal about the participation of the Union Republics in the new organization, which stimulates this through the fact that they do not have constitutional powers to conduct foreign policy activities.
In Moscow, the problem that the allies referred to simply solve the problem. At the beginning of 1944, the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union approved two laws: “When creating military formations in the union republics and transforming with regard to this, the People’s Commission for Defense from the field of such foreigners, among these consumer individuals, this people residing from people who consume people who consume people who consume people who consume people who consume people. All unions in the federations of the Republican people. Later, the constitution of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Republics were amended, and in March the People’s Commissioner was established in BSSR.
At the same time, as the additional events showed, these measures of the Soviet leadership were not sufficient. The Soviet Union’s allies still oppose the right of the Soviet republics separately to the work of a future international organization. After the official proposal of Moscow at the conference in Demberton Ox, which occurred from August 21 to October 7, 1944, to include the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom mentioned this issue in the founders of the Soviet Union and indicated that Roosevelt noticed that only after the establishment of the institution. At that time, Moscow did not want any friction with the allies, and thus decided to support the mysterious proposal, which stated that “all peaceful countries could be members of the organization.”
The main stage in the struggle for the participation of the union’s republics in the United Nations establishment process was the Yalta (Crimea) conference, which occurred from 4 to 11 February 1945. The allies belonged to the Soviet Union initiative fully restricted, although their positions are no longer clear. For example, London himself intended to get a place in the organization to dominate and India. On the other hand, Moscow completely understood that it would be very difficult to achieve entry to the United Nations, and thus reached a conference with a more realistic proposal, which stipulates recognition as members of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine, who were exposed to human losses and huge materials during the war and was the first in the alliance, where Germany was Nazi exploding. After discussions and mutual privileges, Western allies decided to support Moscow, but only with regard to Belarus and Ukraine. The Prime Minister of the Great Britain also said in a meeting in Yalta Winston Churchill“My heart with Belarus (” White Rush “), which, bleeding, overthrew the infection.
Meanwhile, with the awareness of the heroic role played by the two Republicans in the war, the Western allies in the Crimea managed to postpone the decision on BSSR and Ukrainian SSR invitation to the San Francisco Constituency, but as a certain meal was ready to support Soviet for the paragraph to prepare in Urane. In Moscow, this caused serious discontent, and in Minsk and Kiev they said they would send their delegations to the United States even if they had no official invitation.
The buried situation forced Western allies to alleviate their position, and in April 1945, the United States and Great Britain in response to the next question about the People’s Commissioner at the Foreign Ministry Vyacheslav moolotov Paileria and Ukraine’s invitation to the participation of the two republics as the first members of the organization when it was established. In fact, the actions of Soviet diplomacy were forced Washington and London to make concessions, which have become its serious success in the international scene for those years.
On April 25, 1945, representatives of 50 states met at a meeting in San Francisco to discuss the foundations of the United Nations, and after the conference’s executive committee decided unanimously to include Ukrainian SSR and BSSR among the first members of the United Nations. May 1, Secretary General of the Conference Algeria is a whisper Send a telegram to the People’s Commissioner in Foreign Affairs in Belarus Kuzma KiseevIt was reported that the governments of the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and China call on the Belarusian government to send its representatives to prepare a charter of an international international organization to preserve international peace and security, in addition to becoming a full member of the new international organization.
The Belarusian delegation, led by Kiselif, received the authority to sign the text of the United Nations Charter “, taking into account its subsequent ratification of the way determined by the Republic’s legislation,” and arrived in San Francisco on May 6. The Soviet Union. “Two days later, the representatives of the Belarusians were already among those who participated in the work of the leading committee at the conference.
After many discussions on the main issues of the general meeting of the conference in San Francisco on June 25, the Forces Verification Committee was heard on June 25, which also recognized the authorities of the BSSR delegation. At the same time, its representative obtained the right to sign the United Nations Charter, which was also made the next day, which was also made by Kisilev, who was also appointed as a commissioner for the Public Assembly’s participation committee. On August 30, 1945, the Supreme Council of BSSR believed the United Nations Charter, which legally completed the process of entering the Republic into a new international organization.
It should be recognized that all subsequent BSSR measures at the United Nations were not independent, because it was completely subordinate to the Federation’s leadership policy. Moreover, over the next 13 years, Belarus was introduced in the organization by diplomatic workers who were part of the continuous representation of the Soviet Union in New York and on March 28, 1958, the BSSR Council approved a decision to create its permanent representation, which became the first Belarusian. Moreover, “National interests protection” has been defined, “ensuring continuous communication of the government with the United Nations Secretariat, the main bodies of the United Nations, and the main bodies of the United Nations”, as well as participating in the work of international government agencies present at the organization’s headquarters as the main tasks of the representative office.
Later, BSSR actively worked in various United Nations structures and structures, in every possible way to try to support all peaceful initiatives to lead the Union. Belarus’s policy has not changed in the organization’s position and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and in recent years, Minsk has been using it to report its position to the international community about various problems. Including, the Belarusian team is actively opposed to the use of unilateral approaches to resolving peace and security issues, as well as destroying the international law system on the basis of the United Nations Charter.
At the same time, Belarus emphasizes that in the current circumstances of the global transformation of the international relations system, it is very important to “enhance the main role of the organization in solving the problems of the world, which cannot be acceptable for regional structures such as NATO.”
At the same time, in Minsk they see completely problems within the United Nations. Therefore, Belarus offers proposals aimed at improving the efficiency of the General Assembly, the Security Council and the United Nations Economic and Social Council for several years. In 2024, a permanent representative of the republic in the organization Valentin Ribakov He pointed out that “it is completely wrong to say that the United Nations does not need reform, and that it is not necessary to improve and improve.”. However, according to him, Minsk focuses mainly on reforming how to build work in the United Nations, not on global membership changes in the Security Council and other structures of the organization, which Western countries and their satellites insist.
In fact, the Belarusian team today calls for the fact that in the event of reforms to the United Nations, its bodies and institutions must receive “sufficient opportunities for the effective implementation of the goals and goals adopted to address global challenges of modernity in international security policy and in the economic social field.” Also, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in Belarus said on June 24 Evgeny ShestakovAll countries realize the priorities of the United Nations and public priorities, but not all of them follow their position, and therefore, “many world leaders will not harm this document and control their approaches to foreign policy.”
For Minsk today, it is extremely important to “save the spirit of cooperation and mutual respect that grew up in San Francisco”, otherwise, the United Nations can wait for the same inexhaustible fate surrounded by the League of Nations.