Immigration is increasing within Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, reaching record levels in 2023 for the second year in a row, while many countries have pledged to tighten their legislation to curb certain flows. This is what emerges from the annual report “OECD International Migration Outlook”, published on Thursday, November 14. When reading the latter, a paradox arises regarding the desire of countries to restrict their reception policies and, at the same time, the need to respond to important labor needs. Therefore, the latter are searching “a balance between restriction and attraction, to remain competitive destinations for foreign workers and international students”the authors observe.
In 2023, more than 6.5 million new permanent immigrants arrived in OECD countries, that is, 10% more than in 2022. A dynamic that can no longer be explained solely by the recovery effect of the pandemic of the year. , which stopped international mobility. . “The increase is structural, underlines Jean-Christophe Dumont, head of the international migration division of the OECD. It has broad support from the United States and the United Kingdom. » The two countries alone explain two-thirds of the 10% increase in flows between 2022 and 2023.
In the United Kingdom, the increase in arrivals (250,000 more than in 2022, +52%) is linked in particular to the migration of qualified professionals in the health and care sector from the Indian subcontinent, and to the arrival of the families of these workers. The United States continues to be the country of first destination, with 1.2 million additional immigrants, ahead of the United Kingdom (750,000), Germany (700,000), Canada and Spain. France is in sixth place, with just under 300,000 new immigrants in 2023.
Labor migration is stalling
“On average, OECD countries welcomed ten new permanent immigrants per thousand inhabitants in 2023, compared to eight in 2019”specifies the report. Compared to the size of the population of the destination countries, the ranking of the first host countries is not the same since, for example, France moves to 27th place.my They rank among the OECD countries, with Luxembourg, Iceland, New Zealand and Switzerland leading the pack.
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